Systems Psychodynamic Practice

The Inner
Authority
Suite

Ten instruments. Six theoretical traditions. One question.

A score tells you what someone does. It says nothing about why — about the belief system operating beneath the behaviour, or what happens to authority and self-expression when the pressure rises.

The Inner Authority Suite was built to map that architecture.

TA
Transactional Analysis
Ego states as live, contextual patterns — not types
SP
Systems Psychodynamics
Anxiety, authority, and role in organisational life
AT
Attachment Theory
Internal working models shaping relational life
RA
Relational Analysis
The self constituted through relationship, not prior to it
ST
Schema Theory
Belief patterns formed through early relational experience
CT
Culture Theory
Organisational and national cultures shape how people communicate, lead, and relate
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Data does not have to be a number.

The most important data in any leadership or coaching engagement is qualitative, contextual, and often invisible — not because it is hidden, but because most tools are not built to surface it.

When a senior leader discovers that a significant portion of their relational energy goes into reading whether the people above them are satisfied — and that this has been true since long before they became a leader — that is data. When a coach sees that someone's Adult function contracts under emotional pressure in ways that produce a certainty that looks like leadership but isn't — that is data. When a team sees, collectively, how each person's schema shapes what they can and cannot bring into the room — that is data.

Numbers can carry these insights, but they do not generate them. The insight comes from the framework through which the profile is interpreted, and from the quality of the conversation that follows. The Inner Authority Suite provides the framework.

"The profile is a starting point for a conversation, not a conclusion about a person."

Six traditions.
One integrated
framework.

The suite draws on six bodies of thought that together shift the question from what kind of person is this? to how is this person organising themselves in relation to authority, role, anxiety, and relationship?

No single tradition produces this picture alone. The combination is the framework. Each tradition contributes something the others cannot.

TA  /  01
Transactional Analysis
Berne · ego state model
Not as a typology, but as a live, contextual picture of how psychological energy organises itself in the presence of authority, pressure, and relationship. Ego states are dynamic patterns that shift with context and leave legible traces in how people hold authority, give and receive care, respond to challenge, and adapt under pressure.
What it contributes: a language for what is actually happening in the room — which ego state is present, which is missing, and what that cost is.
SP  /  02
Systems Psychodynamics
Bion · Hirschhorn · Tavistock tradition
The organising insight: organisations generate anxiety as a structural by-product of their functioning, and individuals carry that anxiety in ways that shape their authority, their role-taking, and their capacity to think clearly under pressure. Leadership is a relational dynamic, not a set of individual competencies. Containment is the primary leadership function.
What it contributes: a systemic lens on why individual patterns are never only individual — they are produced and maintained by the organisation itself.
AT  /  03
Attachment Theory
Bowlby · developmental psychology tradition
Early relational experience generates internal working models — templates for how dependency, proximity, and self-disclosure are organised in relationship and in role. The PAP and RSP constructs map closely onto the patterns attachment theory describes: the conditions under which people can depend, trust, and be known.
What it contributes: a developmental account of why current patterns are not simply present-day choices but inherited organisations of self.
RA  /  04
Relational Analysis
Mitchell · Aron · intersubjectivity tradition
The central claim: the self is constituted through relationship, not prior to it. Authority, self-expression, care, and resistance are always co-constructed — organised in the space between people, not residing in the individual alone. This makes assessment itself a relational event, not a measurement of a fixed property.
What it contributes: the recognition that a profile is not a portrait of a person — it is a picture of how a person organises themselves in relationship.
ST  /  05
Schema Theory
Young · cognitive-relational tradition
Jeffrey Young's work on early maladaptive schemas — belief patterns formed through relational experience and carried into adult life as templates for how the self, others, and relationships work. Schema theory bridges the psychodynamic and cognitive traditions: psychodynamic in its account of origin, cognitive in its description of the pattern's present-day structure and expression.
What it contributes: the specific constructional framework for the twelve belief pattern scales in the RAP and RSP — giving each schema a theoretically grounded account of how it formed and how it functions.
CT  /  06
Culture Theory
Schein · Meyer · organisational and national culture traditions
Organisational and national cultures shape the field in which people communicate, lead, and relate — often invisibly. Edgar Schein's work on organisational culture and Erin Meyer's Culture Map provide the framework for understanding how cultural assumptions about directness, authority, trust, disagreement, and structure shape what is possible in a given context. The CFP is grounded in this tradition.
What it contributes: the recognition that communication difficulties are often cultural mismatch problems — between a person's formation and the culture of the system they now inhabit.
Why the combination matters
What none of these six traditions produces alone

TA gives us the live phenomenology — what is happening in this person, in this room, now. Systems psychodynamics gives us the organisational context that produces and maintains those patterns. Attachment theory gives us the developmental history through which the patterns were formed. Schema theory gives us the specific constructional framework — the twelve belief patterns in the RAP and RSP are schemas in Young's sense: cognitive-relational templates formed through early relational experience, identifiable by their present-day structure, and amenable to change through facilitated reflection. Relational analysis holds all of this within an intersubjective frame — the reminder that what the profile shows is always shaped by the relationship in which it is being interpreted. Culture theory adds the final dimension: the recognition that what looks like an individual's difficulty with communication or authority is often a mismatch between their formation and the cultural field of the system they now inhabit — a gap that Schein and Meyer's work makes visible and nameable.

Together they produce a picture of authority, self-expression, and relational organisation that no single tradition reaches. That is not theoretical eclecticism. Each tradition contributes something the others cannot, and the combination is what the Inner Authority Suite was built to hold.

Ten instruments. Not all at once.

The suite is designed to be used selectively — one or two instruments matched to the work, rather than all ten applied to every engagement. These groupings are a starting point.

Leadership Development

Running a leadership programme

For leadership development programmes where understanding how participants lead — not just how they behave — is central to the design.

IAP 360 Mirror LI CCP
Executive Coaching

Starting a coaching engagement

For one-to-one coaching where understanding the psychological architecture beneath the presenting issue is the goal.

IAP RAP LI
Personal & Relational Work

Working with personal life and relationships

For coaching and therapy where the focus is on intimate life, close relationships, or personal development rather than professional role.

PAP PPR RSP
Team & Organisational Work

Working with teams and organisations

For OD practitioners and consultants working at a systemic level — with teams, cultures, and organisations under pressure.

CFP CCP IAP
Deeper Individual Exploration

Going deeper with an individual

For experienced practitioners working with an individual over time — where the surface patterns have been mapped and the work is moving into what drives them.

Shadow RAP CCP
Not sure where to begin?

Start with the Before You Begin guide

A short orientation to the suite — what each instrument covers, when to use it, and how to sequence them across an engagement.

Read the guide →

Hough Associates
Ltd

The Inner Authority Suite was developed by Hough Associates — a systems psychodynamic practice founded by Trevor Hough, Clinical Psychologist and Organisation Development Consultant, working across leadership development, executive coaching, and organisational change.

The practice works primarily with senior leaders and leadership teams in financial services and complex organisations, and with coaches, therapists, and OD practitioners who want access to a psychodynamically rigorous framework for development work.

houghassociates.co.za  ↗
Trevor Hough
Clinical Psychologist & Organisation Development Consultant. Trained in systems psychodynamics and the Tavistock tradition. Working at the intersection of psychological depth and organisational life — with leaders, teams, and the practitioners who work with them.
Based in
Cape Town, South Africa
UK registered · London
Practice areas
Leadership development
Executive coaching
Organisational change
The Inner Authority Suite is a Hough Associates product Visit site ↗

The suite is designed
for professional
facilitated use.

The instruments are not self-interpreting. Each profile is designed to be worked with in a facilitated conversation by someone who understands the theoretical framework it draws on. The interpretations open questions — they do not deliver conclusions.

What follows describes how three distinct practitioner groups are using the suite and how it maps onto work they are already doing. If you are a coach, OD consultant, or therapist and want to understand whether the suite fits your practice, this is written for you.

01  /  03
OD Consultants &
Systems Psychodynamic Practitioners

If you work in the Tavistock or group relations tradition, the IAP and RAP will feel like home. The ego state framework and the schema constructs map directly onto what you are already observing in leadership teams — the split between role-as-given and role-as-taken-up, the systemic production of anxiety, the patterns that persist regardless of who holds the role.

The suite gives you a structured instrument where previously you were working purely from observation and consultation. It makes the below-surface legible to clients who need more than a here-and-now interpretation to carry learning back into the organisation.

Primary instruments
IAP RAP 360 Mirror Shadow Profile
Maps onto
Role consulting, authority work, leadership development programmes, team system consulting
02  /  03
Executive Coaches &
Leadership Advisors

The IAP and RAP together produce a picture of a leader that most 360-degree instruments cannot reach: not just how they are perceived, but how they are psychologically organised — what is driving the patterns that show up under pressure. The gap between what the IAP shows and what the 360 Mirror shows is often where the most important coaching work begins.

The suite is not a coaching framework. It is data for a coaching conversation — the kind of data that shifts what gets said in the room, because it names what both coach and client could feel but not quite see.

Primary instruments
IAP RAP 360 Mirror
Maps onto
Executive coaching, leadership advisory, sustained thinking partnerships, leadership transitions
03  /  03
Therapists,
Counsellors & Coaches

The PAP and RSP were developed in response to demand from practitioners working in personal and therapeutic contexts. The ego state and schema constructs are the same as the leadership instruments — reframed entirely for personal life, close relationships, care, and self-expression.

Practitioners familiar with attachment theory and relational psychoanalytic thinking will find the constructs immediately recognisable. The instruments do not use clinical language; they use phenomenological language that clients can sit with and return to without a therapist present to interpret.

Primary instruments
PAP RSP
Maps onto
Therapeutic work, personal development coaching, relational coaching, couples work, therapy intensives
Access — no further requirement
Registered Psychologists &
Registered Psychotherapists
Professional registration with a recognised body (HPCSA, BPS, UKCP, BACP, APA, or equivalent) is sufficient. The suite sits within the scope of normal professional practice. Your ethical framework governs your use.
Access — conversation first
OD Consultants, Executive Coaches & Therapists
Practitioners with a psychodynamic, TA, or systems orientation are likely well placed. A short conversation establishes whether the theoretical framework is sufficiently familiar to hold the profiles properly — not gatekeeping, but matching.
Access — preparation required
Coaches & Practitioners Without Psychodynamic Background
Coaches whose training sits outside psychodynamic or relational traditions will need orientation to the framework before using the suite with clients. This protects both the client and the instrument. Training resources are in development.
Registered psychologists and registered psychotherapists or counsellors may use the suite within their professional practice without additional requirement. OD consultants, executive coaches, and other practitioners are asked to make contact to discuss appropriate preparation. Access is not gatekept — it is matched to the framework the practitioner brings.
Get in touch →

A profile produces
a question,
not a verdict.

A psychometric used for selection
produces a judgment about a person
A profile used in development
produces a question worth asking

The Inner Authority Suite is not a psychometric instrument in the conventional sense. It has not been subjected to large-scale validation studies. It does not produce normative scores. It cannot tell you whether someone is fit for a role.

It produces a structured map of psychological patterns — designed to generate insight in a facilitated context. The quality of that insight depends on the quality of the framework through which the profile is held, and the quality of the conversation that follows.

This is not a limitation. It is the design principle. The instruments are built around the premise that the most useful data is not a score but a question — and that the right question, asked at the right moment, moves things that a score never could.

What this suite
is not for
matters as much
as what it is.

Most psychometric instruments bury their ethical positioning in small print. The Inner Authority Suite treats it as a design principle. The decisions about what the instruments should not be used for were made before any item was written — and they shape the instrument at every level, from the items themselves to the interpretations to the reporting format.

These are not disclaimers. They are the conditions under which the suite does what it is designed to do.

Not for selection or appraisal
The suite is not appropriate for any context in which the profile could inform a hiring decision, promotion decision, or performance judgment. It was not designed for this purpose and its constructs do not support it.
Not for clinical diagnosis
The PAP and RSP in particular work near the territory of clinical psychology. They are not diagnostic instruments and should not be used as a substitute for clinical assessment. Facilitated use with appropriate professional support is required.
Facilitated use — by practitioners with appropriate formation
A profile read without a practitioner present is incomplete. Registered psychologists and psychotherapists may use the suite within their professional practice without further requirement. Other practitioners are asked to discuss their theoretical background before use — not as a gatekeeping exercise, but to ensure the framework is properly held.
Formal statement of use
The Inner Authority Suite is a family of reflective instruments designed for use in facilitated leadership development, executive coaching, organisational development, and personal development contexts. The instruments are not registered psychological assessments and should not be used for clinical diagnosis, selection, screening, appraisal, or any evaluative purpose.

Registered psychologists and registered psychotherapists or counsellors may use the suite within their professional practice without additional requirement, subject to their own professional ethical frameworks. OD consultants, executive coaches, therapists, and coaches without formal psychological registration are asked to discuss appropriate preparation before use. Results are for personal reflection and facilitated development only. © Hough Associates Ltd  ·  Privacy policy.

Access the Inner Authority Suite

All instruments are available now through the Inner Authority Suite practitioner portal. Registered psychologists and registered psychotherapists may begin using the suite within their professional practice immediately. OD consultants, executive coaches, and other practitioners are invited to register and discuss whether the suite fits their theoretical orientation and practice context.

Register as a practitioner →